What's the Difference Between Tempera Paint and Acrylic Paint? And Why Do Cats Always Sit in the Middle of Your Art Projects?

When it comes to choosing the right paint for your artistic endeavors, the decision often boils down to tempera paint versus acrylic paint. Both have their unique characteristics, applications, and quirks, but understanding the differences between them can help you make an informed choice. And while we’re at it, let’s ponder why cats seem to have an uncanny ability to plop themselves right in the middle of your creative workspace, as if they’re auditioning for the role of “Art Critic in Fur.”

1. Composition and Ingredients

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint, also known as poster paint, is traditionally made from a mixture of pigment, water, and a binding agent such as egg yolk (in the case of egg tempera) or a synthetic binder in modern versions. This paint has been used for centuries, dating back to ancient Egypt and medieval Europe. The egg yolk in traditional tempera acts as a natural emulsifier, creating a smooth, durable paint that dries quickly.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint, on the other hand, is a more modern invention, developed in the mid-20th century. It consists of pigment suspended in an acrylic polymer emulsion. This synthetic resin gives acrylic paint its flexibility, durability, and water-resistant properties when dry. Acrylics can be used on a wide variety of surfaces, from canvas to wood to metal, and they dry to a plastic-like finish.

2. Drying Time and Workability

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint dries very quickly, which can be both a blessing and a curse. On the positive side, it allows for rapid layering and quick completion of projects. However, the fast drying time can make blending and reworking areas more challenging. Once dry, tempera paint is relatively permanent, though it can be reactivated with water if not sealed.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint also dries quickly, but not as fast as tempera. This gives artists a bit more time to blend and manipulate the paint on the canvas. Acrylics can be thinned with water or acrylic mediums to extend their working time, and they dry to a waterproof finish, making them ideal for outdoor or long-lasting artworks.

3. Finish and Texture

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint typically dries to a matte finish, which can be quite appealing for certain types of artwork, such as illustrations or decorative pieces. The texture is generally smooth, but it can be built up in layers to create a more textured surface. However, tempera is not as flexible as acrylic, so it may crack if applied too thickly or on a flexible surface.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint can dry to a variety of finishes, from matte to glossy, depending on the medium used. It is highly versatile in terms of texture, allowing artists to create everything from thin, watercolor-like washes to thick, impasto effects. Acrylics are also more flexible than tempera, making them suitable for a wider range of surfaces and applications.

4. Durability and Longevity

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint is durable when applied correctly, but it is more susceptible to damage from moisture and UV light compared to acrylics. Over time, tempera paintings may yellow or become brittle, especially if not properly sealed or stored. However, when used on rigid surfaces like wood panels and properly varnished, tempera can last for centuries, as evidenced by many medieval and Renaissance masterpieces.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint is known for its durability and resistance to environmental factors. It is less likely to fade, crack, or yellow over time, making it a popular choice for both indoor and outdoor artworks. Acrylics are also more resistant to water and UV light, which contributes to their longevity. When properly cared for, acrylic paintings can remain vibrant and intact for many years.

5. Versatility and Applications

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint is often used in educational settings, particularly for children’s art projects, due to its non-toxic nature and ease of use. It is also favored by illustrators and decorative artists for its matte finish and quick drying time. However, tempera is less versatile than acrylic when it comes to different surfaces and techniques, and it is not suitable for outdoor use.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint is incredibly versatile and can be used for a wide range of applications, from fine art to crafts to commercial design. It can be applied to almost any surface, including canvas, paper, wood, metal, and even fabric. Acrylics can be used in various techniques, such as pouring, glazing, and impasto, and they can be mixed with a variety of mediums to achieve different effects. This versatility makes acrylic paint a favorite among professional artists and hobbyists alike.

6. Cost and Accessibility

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint is generally more affordable than acrylic paint, making it a popular choice for schools and budget-conscious artists. It is widely available in art supply stores and online, often sold in large bottles or sets. However, the lower cost can sometimes reflect lower quality, especially in cheaper brands, which may contain less pigment and more filler.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint can vary widely in price, depending on the brand, quality, and pigment content. Student-grade acrylics are more affordable and suitable for beginners, while professional-grade acrylics offer higher pigment concentration and better lightfastness, but at a higher cost. Acrylics are also widely available, with a vast range of colors and formulations to choose from.

7. Environmental and Health Considerations

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint is generally non-toxic and safe for use by children, making it a popular choice for schools and family-friendly art projects. However, some tempera paints may contain preservatives or synthetic binders that could be harmful if ingested or inhaled in large quantities. It’s always a good idea to check the label for safety information.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint is also non-toxic in most cases, but it can contain chemicals that may be harmful if ingested or inhaled, especially in large quantities or over prolonged periods. Proper ventilation is important when working with acrylics, and it’s advisable to wear gloves and avoid direct skin contact with the paint. Some acrylic paints are labeled as “non-toxic” and safe for children, but it’s always best to read the label and follow safety guidelines.

8. Cleaning and Maintenance

Tempera Paint:

Cleaning up after using tempera paint is relatively easy, as it is water-soluble and can be washed off brushes and surfaces with soap and water. However, once dry, tempera paint can be difficult to remove from clothing or other fabrics, so it’s important to clean up spills and splatters promptly.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint is also water-soluble when wet, making it easy to clean brushes and palettes with soap and water. However, once dry, acrylic paint becomes water-resistant and can be challenging to remove from surfaces or fabrics. It’s important to clean up spills and splatters immediately, and to use protective coverings when working with acrylics.

9. Historical and Cultural Significance

Tempera Paint:

Tempera paint has a rich history, dating back to ancient civilizations and playing a significant role in the development of Western art. Many famous works from the medieval and Renaissance periods, such as those by Botticelli and Giotto, were created using egg tempera. This historical significance adds a layer of tradition and authenticity to tempera painting, making it a favorite among artists who appreciate classical techniques.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint, being a more modern medium, does not have the same historical depth as tempera. However, it has quickly gained popularity and respect in the art world, with many contemporary artists using acrylics to create innovative and groundbreaking works. Acrylics have become a symbol of modern art, offering endless possibilities for experimentation and creativity.

10. Personal Preference and Artistic Style

Tempera Paint:

Ultimately, the choice between tempera and acrylic paint often comes down to personal preference and the specific needs of the artist. Tempera paint is ideal for those who appreciate a matte finish, quick drying time, and a connection to traditional art techniques. It is particularly well-suited for illustrators, decorative artists, and those working on rigid surfaces.

Acrylic Paint:

Acrylic paint is perfect for artists who value versatility, durability, and the ability to work on a wide range of surfaces. It is a favorite among contemporary artists, abstract painters, and those who enjoy experimenting with different techniques and mediums. Acrylics offer the flexibility to create both delicate, watercolor-like effects and bold, textured impasto works.

Conclusion

In the end, the difference between tempera paint and acrylic paint lies in their composition, drying time, finish, durability, versatility, cost, and historical significance. Both mediums have their unique strengths and can be used to create stunning works of art. Whether you choose tempera for its traditional appeal or acrylic for its modern versatility, the most important thing is to enjoy the creative process and let your imagination run wild.

And as for why cats always seem to sit in the middle of your art projects? Well, that remains one of life’s great mysteries. Perhaps they’re drawn to the vibrant colors, or maybe they just want to remind you that art is a collaborative effort—even if your collaborator has four legs and a penchant for knocking over paint jars.

Related Q&A:

Q: Can I mix tempera and acrylic paint together? A: While it is technically possible to mix tempera and acrylic paint, it is not generally recommended. The different binding agents and drying times can lead to unpredictable results, such as cracking or uneven drying. It’s best to stick with one type of paint for a consistent finish.

Q: Is tempera paint suitable for canvas? A: Tempera paint can be used on canvas, but it is not ideal. Canvas is a flexible surface, and tempera paint, which is less flexible, may crack over time. If you do use tempera on canvas, it’s important to apply it in thin layers and consider sealing the finished piece with a varnish.

Q: Can I use acrylic paint for children’s art projects? A: Yes, there are non-toxic, child-safe acrylic paints available that are suitable for children’s art projects. However, acrylic paint can be more difficult to clean up and may stain clothing, so it’s important to supervise young children and use protective coverings.

Q: How do I seal a tempera painting? A: To seal a tempera painting, you can use a clear acrylic varnish or spray fixative. This will protect the painting from moisture and UV light, helping to preserve its colors and prevent cracking. Be sure to apply the varnish in a well-ventilated area and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

Q: Can I use tempera paint outdoors? A: Tempera paint is not suitable for outdoor use, as it is not waterproof and can be damaged by moisture and UV light. For outdoor projects, acrylic paint is a better choice due to its durability and resistance to environmental factors.